C语言 运算符

C语言包含丰富的内置运算符，并提供以下类型的运算符-

• 算术运算符
• 关系运算符
• 逻辑运算符
• 按位运算符
• 赋值运算符
• Misc运算符

算术运算符

下表显示了C语言支持的所有算术运算符。假设变量 A =10，变量 B=20，然后-

尝试以下示例以了解C中可用的所有算术运算符:

#include <stdio.h>

main() {

   int a = 21;
   int b = 10;
   int c ;

   c = a + b;
   printf("Line 1 - Value of c is %d\n", c );

   c = a - b;
   printf("Line 2 - Value of c is %d\n", c );

   c = a * b;
   printf("Line 3 - Value of c is %d\n", c );

   c = a / b;
   printf("Line 4 - Value of c is %d\n", c );

   c = a % b;
   printf("Line 5 - Value of c is %d\n", c );

   c = a++; 
   printf("Line 6 - Value of c is %d\n", c );

   c = a--; 
   printf("Line 7 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
}

当您编译并执行上述程序时，它将产生以下结果-

Line 1 - Value of c is 31
Line 2 - Value of c is 11
Line 3 - Value of c is 210
Line 4 - Value of c is 2
Line 5 - Value of c is 1
Line 6 - Value of c is 21 
Line 7 - Value of c is 22

关系运算符

下表显示了C支持的所有关系运算符。假设变量 A=10，变量 B=20，则-

尝试以下示例以了解C中可用的所有关系运算符:

#include <stdio.h>

main() {

   int a = 21;
   int b = 10;
   int c ;

   if( a == b ) {
      printf("Line 1 - a is equal to b\n" );
   } else {
      printf("Line 1 - a is not equal to b\n" );
   }

   if ( a < b ) {
      printf("Line 2 - a is less than b\n" );
   } else {
      printf("Line 2 - a is not less than b\n" );
   }

   if ( a > b ) {
      printf("Line 3 - a is greater than b\n" );
   } else {
      printf("Line 3 - a is not greater than b\n" );
   }

   /* Lets change value of a and b */
   a = 5;
   b = 20;

   if ( a <= b ) {
      printf("Line 4 - a is either less than or equal to  b\n" );
   }

   if ( b >= a ) {
      printf("Line 5 - b is either greater than  or equal to b\n" );
   }
}

当您编译并执行上述程序时，它将产生以下结果-

Line 1 - a is not equal to b
Line 2 - a is not less than b
Line 3 - a is greater than b
Line 4 - a is either less than or equal to  b
Line 5 - b is either greater than  or equal to b

逻辑运算符

下表显示了C语言支持的所有逻辑运算符。假设变量 A=1，变量 B=0，则-

尝试以下示例以了解C中可用的所有逻辑运算符-=

 #include <stdio.h>

 main() {

    int a = 5;
    int b = 20;
    int c ;

    if ( a && b ) {
       printf("Line 1 - Condition is true\n" );
    }

    if ( a || b ) {
       printf("Line 2 - Condition is true\n" );
    }

    /* lets change the value of  a and b */
    a = 0;
    b = 10;

    if ( a && b ) {
       printf("Line 3 - Condition is true\n" );
    } else {
       printf("Line 3 - Condition is not true\n" );
    }

    if ( !(a && b) ) {
       printf("Line 4 - Condition is true\n" );
    }

 }

当您编译并执行上述程序时，它将产生以下结果:

Line 1 - Condition is true
Line 2 - Condition is true
Line 3 - Condition is not true 
Line 4 - Condition is true

按位运算符

假设A=60和B=13为二进制格式，它们将如下所示

A=0011 1100
B=0000 1101

 -----------------

 A&B=0000 1100

 A | B=0011 1101

 A ^ B=0011 0001

 ~A=1100 0011

下表列出了C支持的按位运算符。假设变量’A’=60，变量’B’=13，然后-

尝试以下示例以了解C中可用的所有按位运算符:

#include <stdio.h>

main() {

   unsigned int a = 60;    /* 60=0011 1100 */  
   unsigned int b = 13;    /* 13=0000 1101 */
   int c = 0;           

   c = a & b;       /* 12=0000 1100 */ 
   printf("Line 1 - Value of c is %d\n", c );

   c = a | b;       /* 61=0011 1101 */
   printf("Line 2 - Value of c is %d\n", c );

   c = a ^ b;       /* 49=0011 0001 */
   printf("Line 3 - Value of c is %d\n", c );

   c = ~a;          /*-61=1100 0011 */
   printf("Line 4 - Value of c is %d\n", c );

   c = a << 2;     /* 240=1111 0000 */
   printf("Line 5 - Value of c is %d\n", c );

   c = a >> 2;     /* 15=0000 1111 */
   printf("Line 6 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
}

当您编译并执行上述程序时，它将产生以下结果-

 Line 1 - Value of c is 12
 Line 2 - Value of c is 61
 Line 3 - Value of c is 49
 Line 4 - Value of c is -61
 Line 5 - Value of c is 240
 Line 6 - Value of c is 15

赋值运算符

下表列出了C语言支持的赋值运算符-

尝试以下示例以了解C中可用的所有赋值运算符

#include <stdio.h>

main() {

   int a = 21;
   int c ;

   c =  a;
   printf("Line 1 -= Operator Example, Value of c=%d\n", c );

   c +=  a;
   printf("Line 2 - += Operator Example, Value of c=%d\n", c );

   c -=  a;
   printf("Line 3 - -= Operator Example, Value of c=%d\n", c );

   c *=  a;
   printf("Line 4 - *= Operator Example, Value of c=%d\n", c );

   c /=  a;
   printf("Line 5 - /= Operator Example, Value of c=%d\n", c );

   c  = 200;
   c %=  a;
   printf("Line 6 - %= Operator Example, Value of c=%d\n", c );

   c <<=  2;
   printf("Line 7 - <<= Operator Example, Value of c=%d\n", c );

   c >>=  2;
   printf("Line 8 - >>= Operator Example, Value of c=%d\n", c );

   c &=  2;
   printf("Line 9 - &= Operator Example, Value of c=%d\n", c );

   c ^=  2;
   printf("Line 10 - ^= Operator Example, Value of c=%d\n", c );

   c |=  2;
   printf("Line 11 - |= Operator Example, Value of c=%d\n", c );
}

当您编译并执行上述程序时，它将产生以下结果-

Line 1 -= Operator Example, Value of c=21
Line 2 - += Operator Example, Value of c=42
Line 3 - -= Operator Example, Value of c=21
Line 4 - *= Operator Example, Value of c=441
Line 5 - /= Operator Example, Value of c=21
Line 6 - %= Operator Example, Value of c=11
Line 7 - <<= Operator Example, Value of c=44
Line 8 - >>= Operator Example, Value of c=11
Line 9 - &= Operator Example, Value of c=2
Line 10 - ^= Operator Example, Value of c=0
Line 11 - |= Operator Example, Value of c=2

sizeof和三元运算符

除了上面讨论的运算符，还有一些其他重要的运算符。

请尝试以下示例，以了解C中可用的所有其他运算符:

#include <stdio.h>

main() {

   int a = 4;
   short b;
   double c;
   int* ptr;

   /* example of sizeof operator */
   printf("Line 1 - Size of variable a=%d\n", sizeof(a) );
   printf("Line 2 - Size of variable b=%d\n", sizeof(b) );
   printf("Line 3 - Size of variable c= %d\n", sizeof(c) );

   /* example of & and * operators */
   ptr = &a;    /* 'ptr' now contains the address of 'a'*/
   printf("value of a is  %d\n", a);
   printf("*ptr is %d.\n", *ptr);

   /* example of ternary operator */
   a = 10;
   b = (a == 1) ? 20: 30;
   printf( "Value of b is %d\n", b );

   b = (a == 10) ? 20: 30;
   printf( "Value of b is %d\n", b );
}

当您编译并执行上述程序时，它将产生以下结果:

 Line 1 - Size of variable a=4
 Line 2 - Size of variable b=2
 Line 3 - Size of variable c= 8
 value of a is  4
 *ptr is 4.
 Value of b is 30
 Value of b is 20